The helicopter carried a rectifying antenna or " rectenna " array incorporating thousands of diodes to convert the microwave beam into useful electrical power.
22.
A " pilot " microwave beam emitted from the center of the rectenna on the ground establishes a phase front at the transmitting antenna.
23.
This was tested in a ground-to-ground experiment in 1975, and as part of this they developed lightweight versions of the rectenna.
24.
While traditional ( radio-and microwave ) rectennas are fundamentally similar to optical rectennas, it is vastly more challenging in practice to make an optical rectenna.
25.
It is possible to build a solar cell identical to a radio, a system known as an optical rectenna, but to date these have not been practical.
26.
In 1982, Brown and James Trimer ( of NASA ) announced a new version of the rectenna using printed circuit techniques that reduced the weight by ten times.
27.
While rectennas have long been used for radio waves or microwaves, an optical rectenna would operate the same way but with infrared or visible light, turning it into electricity.
28.
The 1964 demonstration received a good deal of publicity, but nothing came of it, since enthusiasm for Earth satellites was very high and the rectenna system was heavy and inefficient.
29.
However, in the 1970s, NASA became interested in beamed power for space applications, and, in 1982, published a design for a much lighter and cheaper rectenna system.
30.
The collecting satellite would convert solar energy into electrical energy on board, powering a microwave transmitter or laser emitter, and focus its beam toward a collector ( rectenna ) on Earth's surface.
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